Year 2024, Volume 9, Issue 1
| Year : | 2024 |
| Volume : | 9 |
| Issue : | 1 |
| Authors : | Govinda PRASAD SHARMA, Enna MOOL, Ramesh PRASAD SAPKOTA,Tulsi GURUNG, Shiva PRAVEEN PUPPALA, Rejina MASKEY BYANJU |
| Title : | AIR POLLUTION AND QUALITY OF HONEY FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THIMPHU DISTRICT, BHUTAN |
| Abstract : | Honey is prepared by bees from nectar or honeydew and has great nutritional and therapeutic benefits. However, air pollution affects honey quality as bees collect nectar, pollen, water and propolis from polluted and unpolluted areas. For this study, air pollution measurement and bee hive experiment were carried out concomitantly in Olakha (urban) and Ngabiphu (rural) in the Thimphu District in 2022. It was found that the annual mean PM2.5 was 19.43 µg/m3 and 8.87 µg/m3 while PM1 recorded were 16.63 µg/m3 and 4.05 µg/m3 in Olakha and Ngabiphu respectively. The honey produced by using Apis mellifera hive experiment from Ngabiphu and Olakha was collected, and the honey produced from Apis cerana sold by farmers at the Thimphu Centenary Farmers Market was purchased to compare pH, ash content, and heavy metals mainly Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu. Twenty four samples from three places (8 each) were kept at room temperature and in the dark until laboratory analysis was carried out in Nepal Environmental and Scientific Services in Kathmandu. The data were analyzed using One-way Anova. It was found that the ash content and pH of the honey were within the international permissible limit. The Pb and Ni were not detected but the Cd content was detected only in six honey samples. There was a statistically significant difference of Cu content (p= 0.003816, α=0.05) in honeys and the mean readings were 2.86 ±0.84 µg/g, 2.55±0.91 µg/g, and 4.24±1.05 µg/g in Olakha, Ngabiphu and Market honey respectively. |
| For citation : | Prasad Sharma, G., Mool, E., Prasad Sapkota, R., Gurung, T., Praveen Puppala, S., Maskey Byanju, R. (2024). Air pollution and quality of honey from rural and urban areas of Thimphu district, Bhutan. AGROFOR International Journal, Volume 9. Issue No. 1. pp. 115-128. DOI: 10.7251/AGREN2401115P |
| Keywords : | Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, heavy metals, pollutants, Thimphu. |
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ISSN 2490-3434 (Printed)
ISSN 2490-3442 (Online)
ISSN 2490-3442 (Online)
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